Is Social Networking an Effective Marketing Tool Essay Example for Free

Is Social Networking an Effective securities industrying Tool Essaymerchandising StrategiesMany businesses have started to incorporate commercialize strategies as a way of increasing profitability. Small business can create market strategies to tar belong their market more effectively and have a competitive exhibit over competition. Lyndon Simkin, (2000) stated If the unspoiled opportunities are pursued, customers are properly probed, the right customers printed with a marketing proposition designed to give a business an go on over its rivals, it is highly likely that customers will be satisfied, market appropriate will rise in core target markets and profitability will whence support a viable future. Having a dodging in place will allow you to set objectives such as increasing your share of the market that your business currently is in. Market strategies for small businesses are to develop the growth of the company. Analysing you target market and introducing a way in which you can target this market. The pursuance are how marketing schema allows business to set objectivesCurrent overlap/current marketMarket penetration is a strategy of increasing your share of existing markets. You might achieve this by raising customers awareness of your products and services or finding freshly customers.Current product/ unsanded marketMarket development is a strategy of finding and entering new markets with your current product or service range. The new market could be a new region, a new country or a new segment of the market.New product/current marketProduct development is a strategy for enhancing benefits you deliver to customers by improving your existing products and services or developing new ones.New product/new marketDiversification is a strategy that usually carries high costs and high risks. It often requires firms to adopt new ways of doing business and so has consequences far beyond simply offering new products/services in a new market. It is therefore usually a strategy to be adopted when other options are not feasible. http//www.is4profit.com/business-advice/sales-marketing/marketing-strategy. hypertext mark-up languageMarketing Tools Online on that point are many marketing tools available for businesses to use and utilising the best one to fully create brand awareness for your product is vital. Geoffrey J. Simmons, (2007) realises Companies are finding that they are having to redefine their marketing and branding strategies due to the unique characteristics of the internet and its capacity to change old rules.. Due to the growth of users using internet, marketing tools have been essential so that businesses can market their products online.Marketing online has been as an important way for business to create brand awareness and target customers effectively. Online advertisement is now seen as the most effective way of marketing therefore many different ways have been introduced to advertise on the internet. Amalesh Sh arma, (2011) stated The development of data intensive instruments, transformation of societal and relationship management, optimization of Search engine marketing, exclusive networking and other online resources are eliminating the traditional form of marketing.Search Engine Optimization MarketingSearch engines are seen as essential way of companies to be seen by potential customers. Kristin Kennedy, Bonnie Brayton Kennedy, (2008) stated The key to being constitute by the right people at the right time lies with search engines. There are essentially two ways a customer will find a business pose via a search engine, through an organic or a pay-per-click (PPC) listing. Using a search engine you are allowing yourself to be found new customers but search engines dont offer differentiation so many of your competitors can be listed aboard you therefore not handsome your business the competitive edge. Search engine optimization can be a less effective way for small business as it is ma rketed alongside big companies which was found out by Kristin Kennedy, Bonnie Brayton Kennedy, (2008) they stated a small manufacturer of gold jewelry will probably not get top billing over Tiffanys on the organic list, unless they spend a significant amount of time and money on developing their web site design and advertising.E-mail MarketingSmall businesses have been using email marketing as a way of marketing their products and reaching out to the target market. Anita Jackson, Ray DeCormier,stated E-mail offers a promising tool to enhance brand loyalty as it helps marketers keep in touch with their customers on a even basis at low cost. Small businesses are using this method to create and reach out to their target market. Using this mthod to market their business and product to create more brand awareness.http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0263-4503volume=17issue=3articleid=854456show=html http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1061-0421volume=13issue=7articl eid=857868show=htmlhttp//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1751-5637volume=12issue=4articleid=1937676show=htmlDo you feel other ways of online marketing would benefit your company more?http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0263-4503volume=18issue=3articleid=854495show=html ) Lyndon Simkin, (2000) (http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0263-4503volume=25issue=6articleid=1628110show=htmlidb72) Geoffrey J. Simmons, (2007) .( http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=1751-5637volume=12issue=4articleid=1937676show=html ). Amalesh Sharma, (2011) Kristin Kennedy, Bonnie Brayton Kennedy, (2008) (http//www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0140-9174volume=31issue=10articleid=1746719show=html)

Waste To Wealth Program Environmental Sciences Essay

Waste To Wealth broadcast Environmental Sciences EssayUrban and rural aras of India produce so much garbage mundane and suffering by many an other(a)(prenominal) types of pollutions which ar increasing very fast in terms of ara and environs. Most of households of urban empyrean are not victimization dustbin or not complicateting facilities to put their domestic garbage and they through and through on the road and way. This activity is change into unskilled uniform because of lack of facilities and lastledge. People are suffering from air pollution, water pollution and soil pollution even they involve to through the garbage anywhere. People motive their neat and clean environs even they dont know how to get it. In these days flock are using plastics and it is be fetch a part of a life, which produce the chemical substance poisons. Many hazardous dash off in urban comes from industries and factories alike which are the release so many harmful chemical alone another si de we have recycle units are converting in the useful elements. In the rural area farmers are in addition involve to use the chemical fertilizers so land is becoming unproductive land. Another thing plastic products are also dominating in the rural area and cause of degrade land and rural cattle also are eating this thats why cattles death happening in the rural area. Because of purlieu affect it is incumbent to comfort and change the sort of people. We need to change our raiments and value our health, well-being by providing reasonable measures and information for re-use and reducing the consumption of plastics and leaveing the garbage outsides.In the cities households are wasting away food and plastics and throw on the road and round prescribes and in the colonies and real-states colonies households dont have option to separate their domestic garbage so they use to put in one plastic bag and put on municipal-party garbage-bin. Reducing, reusing, recycling and recoverin g of ravage behavior can wee changes our environment. Through this concept it may treating and proficiently disposing of thriftlessness and it is possible to prevent the pollution and ecological humiliation. Through the drive off our youth can get art and can promote the economical and accessible developing. In this activity so many people are under the target and focus group, which may become beneficiary and part of this plan. In many states have rag-pickers in various places that are involving to collect the garbage and part of our friendly and economic situation. They are not aware to the highest degree their health because of fiscal riddle and education. Involve the rag-pickers and unemployed youth, it is possible to promote and ensuring the strong delivery of have from household and they allow for invent almost amount of run in weekly or monthly. In this service households bequeath get dickens separate bin for plastics and food wastage and unemployed yout h can get employment with through promotion.Food bungle should not be dispel which can be converting into compost and vermi-compost, and farmers can get bio-fertilizers or manure with low outlay and collaboration with recycler industries, rag-pickers can get good amount and better living standard. In this architectural plan man place and productive land leave behind be clean from savage and secure from contamination.Genetics the problem.Only households are not responsible to organize believe problem even school, colleges mess or canteen, restaurants, hotels, offices and theaters and mandies or markets, these are the things engage throw the garbage outsides. Mostly garbage goes to drainage and dumps the drains which become a cause to create odor and mosquitoes etc. and drainage goes to more or less water resources and through the harmful chemicals. Harmful chemicals reach to cultivated field through supply channel of water resources and also animals are affecting to befud dle and human.Many states government have many schemes to control pollution and garbage on the road and they have unlike system to have sex these things through municipal party. In Uttar Pradesh at Kanpur, so many industries are releasing the toxic chemicals in the river, as well as institutions and households are also caused of garbage. Chromium (harmful chemical), which has two forms, trivalent hexavalent and when chromium salts change from trivalent to hexavalent, which depend on the pH, it become poison and cause of cancer. Another thing is cattle and animals who loitering here and there, they are fetching garbage as a feed and dying. Grand truck highway to Allahabad at Kanpur has dumping problem of hazardous waste and citizen are suffering from bad odor and dirty place and in the rainy season people use to suffer from dirty water. People do not have safe drinking water and who are taking water from bore-well which is just 100 feet away from sludge heaps along the roadside.Ma ny tones mixed waste comes from city to near rural area of district Lucknow and most of places of side of highway road are covering by garbage. Through the mixed garbage use-full splatter can produce and the actual energy balance to see whether the energy plant leave alone be a consumer or producer of power, at commodious cost to the taxpayer. Plant is getting 200-400 tons/day of pure organic waste and 50 percent organic content in mixed waste and in between they are getting banana leaves waste, which is as halting in the plant but they could go for vermi-compost. Many stakeholders are active to manage the waste and they are supporting to implementing agencies (govt. or private). Waste management agencies are getting waste from UP Kisan Mandi Parisad and plant has good source to get waste to produce biogas through gas buffer tank.Here genetic problem means follow the others habits and hierarchical activity. Every people know that if they will throw the garbage on public place, o ther people will affect including them also. This activity is continuing since many decades and also some effort are using against this activity but people are not aware about it. In the waste management, rag-pickers are playing very important role and they are reducing or make safe place from some poisons, which are the harmful for human. In this nation population is growing very fast and they do not have prospect to live in proper place and they also encroaching the place and another thing is who will manage the waste releasing by households. Their children are also doing continue same activity, whatever they observe around them, if they do not have knowledge and right place (environment) to live and learn from difficulties. Households are having mentality of use and throw things and they do not want re-use the things. In India we dont have quality technique to recycles the wastes and children of rag pickers family also forced by their parents. They are suffering from some diseas es and some harmful things like, metals, needles, infected things etc. before taking food they are not race hand properly and usually not wearing slippers or shoes. class componentsClean and green environment of urban and rural fasten money (employment) from waste for unemployed poor peopleRural and urban collection centre ( course of study implementation centre)Make better life of rag-pickersChange the behaviour of people (BCC) crack rehabilitate by waste compost (organic)PlantationCollaborate with recycle industries and linkage with different stakeholdersClean and green environment of urban and ruralProgram have some objective to implement this series of steps to be carried out and seeing to sustainability of weapons platform it is necessary to good outcome. Where program is going to implement, that background will have some expectation to get better environment. Program will work on both contexts urban and rural which is part of this program and both are very important to impl ement this program. Program will furnish the two types of bin for plastics and decayable. From the urban area, garbage will come to units and it will be convert into vermi-compost or pit-compost so urban area will safe from dirty place and polluted environment and same strategy could be run as well as rural area can get vermi-compost in cheap price for productivity of their land.Make money (employment) from waste for unemployed poor peopleIn the urban and rural area most of people, specially poor youth are not getting employment, so interested people and youth can get job or employment through this program and in this process without invest that much pecuniary things to make money to produce organic fertilizer as well as clean and green environment. Employee will collect the garbage from household for tolerant services weekly and they.Rural and urban collection center (program implementation center)For producing the organic fertilizer and separation of recyclable components units to be necessary and whatever visible will collect from urban afterwards that it will go to centers for processing of compost and package of plastic to send recycle industries. Centers are main charge to decide the all activities of fixed location, from where employee will get their information and delivery of material from households to center.Make better life of rag-pickersIn this program only people are not involve even rag-pickers have good option to join this program. Rag-pickers collect different type of recyclable things. They have good environment to learn many things to improve their skill and knowledge and as well program will change their behavior because they are not aware about their health and suffering from various diseases. Program will return some classes and protection material to collect garbage. They will get some trainings of how to act before, during and after collect the garbage. Through this program they will get good physical and monetary status as well as social also.Change the behavior of people (BCC)Avoiding and reducing the times of waste through the cost of reflective and increase or create the awareness. Program want to change the unnecessary habit of people which are the harmful for their health and environment and continuity of unnecessary habits affect to others and create problem of their selves. In this activity people will know and be aware about pollution. Generally Rag-pickers suffer big problems of health because of unawareness and they do not use protection elements during collect the garbage. Their habits are a hierarchical so through the program their parents and same community can get facilities. Through the behavior change program would like to increase use and recycling rates of products and reduce the percentage of recyclable material to landfill.Soil rehabilitate by waste compost (organic)Rural area has good opportunity to rehabilitate the land and farmers also can get vermi-compost in cheap rate. It is po ssible to produce the organic fertilizers through the garbage which will come from urban waste and rural waste. This program has units near to rural area so it is easy to reach the rural and farmers also can approach to units.PlantationIt is necessary to ensure the protection of the environment through the efficient waste management. In these days urbanization is happening very fast so which is cause of deforestation. So as well as organic farming and soil rehabilitation, urban and rural area will get plantation facilities which will help to make green and good environment. It may possible to get financial strength by fruit plant and plantation on the side of road will provide the shade to passer. In the rural area people could get fuel for food and could also earn from it.Collaborate with recycle industries and linkage with different stakeholdersThe primary focus of this program is to achieve the objectives of waste hierarchy which is set of broad and economic perspective related and collaboration is necessary activity of this program which will meet the objects. The program will collaborate to recycle industries, municipal party, government and privet market and institutions. Many stakeholders are involve in this program and they are the main components of this program who are the part of program successNeed assessmentDemographyThis program will run in the cities of Uttar Pradesh and there are waste is very big problem and people need the solution of this problem. On the basis of data this program will select the cities and rural area where program could fulfill the all problematic situations. Most of cities are going to finish their popularity and tourism is also going to reduce or to be affected, because of look and dirty places.Community needsCommunity will have some expectation from this program and also community is part of it. It is made by found on their needs and with seeing the difficulties of community program will try to fulfill their expectat ion or needs. Based on the experience and data some area will cover by this program. Urban households will get some services to remove the garbage and people will get relievo from dirty or polluted place. Other stakeholders (schools college or universities mess, hotels, restaurants, markets, shopping mall and other institutions etc) also will get facilities and they need their neat and clean environment which is help to maintain their quality if life also. This program will fill the some community needNeat and clean environmentEmploymentIncome propagationProtect the healthPrevent the pollutionSustainable developmentMake better lifeCommunity resourcesProgram has specific target groups who want to fulfill their needs and secure their life and economic part. Community resource means, how can they contribute in this program. Community contribution is must for it and they will contribute. Based on their needs and structure of program, the most essential part of some experience of the approach is to group for waste management which is show the value chain a series of steps, which will be based on the descending order of priority. Waste cannot be avoid by community because they knows very well, it will create problem in the future and this is not become waste for them. Households and other institution or stakeholders will pay for services and unemployed youth will get employment to collect it and rag-pickers also will get money and from collaborated recycle industries through this program.Vision and Mission of the programVisionAdvancing backing through waste management as well as green clean environmentMissionPoverty decrease of community throughPhases of the programPhase 1Phase 2Phase 3Period3 years4 years3 yearsFocus stint to households and other stakeholdersTo protect health, provide well being and environmentChange the behavior of people to reduce, reuse, recover the waste.Coverage4 Cities of Utter PradeshExpansion program in other areasReach to rural area for remediation for contaminated landActivitiesWaste avoidance reduction through services,Recovery, reuse recycling the wasteTreatment processingOutcomesClean and green environmentPollution free environmentReducing the pauperism from waste Income generate by itselfLogical modellingIntervention logicObjective verified indicatorMeans of verificationPre-condition AssumptionGoal- Reducing, re-using, recycling and recovering waste.Promoting and ensuring the effective delivery of waste services place the focus groupTheir living standardIdentified the locationCollect the primary secondary dataPeople unaware about environment and vague from reduce, reuse and recoverObjectives- To change the behaviour of people to reduce, reuse and recover of waste by recycling. To make the clean and green environment with effective waste management. To provide the employment for people with waste management.Facilitate to farmers for cost effective farming with organic fertilizersInvolve the unemploy ment people, rag-pickers, people and other stakeholdersImpact of program through feedbackThe act of observingChange the behaviour of peopleMake better life of rag-pickersOutput-Organise the citizen and peopleGood environmentwell-being and income generationMake better living standardReduce the waste through change the behaviourReduce the generation of wastePrevention of pollution and ecological degradationRemediation of contaminated landRecover the all dirty places of citiesInputFunds, infrastructure of units, skilled and unskilled human resourceInitial investment carrying outMonitoringEvaluate the programImpact study of per eventSome institution is working in this field but not effective and in a proper wayFirst focus group will be households in the urban and rural area, from where primary waste will come and they will get two types of bin plastics and decayable things.Collection garbage from households and othersEmployee will collect the garbage weekly and households and other inst itution will pay of service on weekly with take receipts.Collect the plastics and other metalRag-pickers are very important part to make clean and safe the public place. Work with the rag-pickers and collect by them the plastics and other recyclable elements which spread the harmful chemicals and pollute the environment.Recover and separation of materialAfter collection the input, it will go to the separation units where other employees will cover the material and make separate it and also maintain the document and register of covering the households and tally the paying receipts. physical exercise for compost and recycleAfter separation the material employee will send it for recycling to recycle industries and decayable things for vermi or pit-compost.GoalReducing, re-using, recycling and recovering waste.Promoting and ensuring the effective delivery of waste servicesObjectivesTo change the behaviour of people to reduce, reuse and recover of waste by recycling.To make the clean and green environment with effective waste managementTo provide the employment for people with waste management.Facilitate to farmers for cost effective farming with organic fertilizers.Note- Nothing is waste until you make it wasteMethodology / implementationProgram will run by staff member and employees and support of other stakeholder and in the program, program manager will make strategy to work on particular location and linkage with govt. and private institution and establish the some awareness program and campaign and control the all staff of location. Here area manager will define the location and implement the program and make report to the program manager. He will pick out the all meeting of employees and arrange the all needs of units. Here marketing manager has responsibility to search the market of organic products and make strategy to direct reach to farmers and others. Supervisor will control the all employee and see the problem of area and facilitate to collection cent re and as well as controller will make and prepare all document and record of financial things.EvaluationCost-effectiveness of the programProgram has initial investment and it will provide the some necessary facilities which is prevent the possibility of future investment.Community satisfactionCommunity will fulfil their needs through the program and get some services and benefits and they have some contribution without extra effort and financial things.Attainment of goalsWork with community and other stakeholders and fulfil their needs as well as program will reach to own goals and fulfil the all objects.Program sustainabilityIn the development sector people are working for poverty reduction and promoting livelihood etc. with various strategic plan and community also adopting this kind of strategy because they have to reduce their poverty and get better livelihood. ace side people are focusing to get money and better living status but another side they also facing problem of poor health and environment. They know what they are doing but they dont know which impact is affecting of their life. People are wasting so much what is part of their financial and environment. This program is considering and caring to the next generation and community also care of their generation but they do not think that their next generation will suffer in the future.Waste management program will provide the facilities to many stakeholders and focus on the future and next generation and how they can get good environment and better livelihood through waste management. Program think that nothing is waste until you make it waste and waste is the source of economic and it is possible to make better life through waste management. Urban people will get neat and clean and pollution free environment with their contribution in the program as well as unemployed people will get employment to provide services to household and other institutions through this program and rag-pickers have so man y benefits to work on it and they will get good standard of life and can reduce their poverty and poor health.Financial guidelineInitial invest is very necessary for this program which is consider the one of the base of program and aim of program is provide the facilities to community which will be consume the financial things of dustbins and the units of collection centre and arrangement of units and some instruments for producing the vermi and pit composts. For collection the garbage employee need the some vehicle, so in that program need sufficient fund to cover all needs, obviously it depend on the area or location of the implementing program. Program has also thought of protection of their employee because of they will work on the dirty component so they have to secure their life first and after that they can protect or secure of others life. Program need the approximate fund Rs.5 crore.Staff structure and qualificationSr. no.StaffQualification1Program ManagerPost graduate and computer knowledge2Area managerGraduate in engineering and computer knowledge3 trade managerPost graduate and computer knowledge4Supervisor10+2 and computer knowledge5AccountantGraduate in account and computer knowledgeWay forwardThis program has very long vision to run it and in the future it would like to some technical foul aspect like GPS system, what will help to know the covering area or location and selected area. Linkage with different stakeholders and work on other social work related to environment and livelihood of people and which could make better life. Through the plantation and organic cultivation, program could promote JLG and producer group and provide the education of other facilities to rag-pickers.Conclusion-This program has very specific concept to remove unnecessary thins from social and environment and work with community and focus group. For sustainable development it is possible to reach the program goal and fulfil the objectives. Program will work with diff erent stakeholders and staff members and make better living standard with income generation from waste. Most beautiful thing is people involvement and they could change their behaviour.

Amazon SWOT Analysis

amazon SWOT AnalysisAmazon is an ameri move electronic commerce company that has become an icon of net seam. Jeff bozos founded the company in 1994 and launched it on sop up in 1995 as an online intensitystore. However, the logo soon became symbolic as they started to sell everything from a to z. Time magazine names bezos 1999 person of the course of study and said, bezos vision of the online retailing universe was so complete, his amazon.com site so elegant and appealing that it became from day unmatched the point of reference for any unrivalledness who had anything to sell online. In 2001, amazon.com describe a fiscal loss and over a couple of years they laid off over 1000 workers. But, this set back did non reject bezos instead he came up with the idea of joining forces with another(prenominal) retailers to sell their produces online through amazon.com. So, through hard work and determination bezos has been qualified to turn the unanalyzable online bookstore from its early beginnings into the global phenomenon that is amazon.com.INTRODUCTION OF AMAZON,Amazon is one of the largest internet retailing company in the world, that sells from books to electronics to potential buyers from all over the country, it is fountainhead known to hasten cheaper prices for their items, and having commodious expertise in making sure their clients needs are met at all times (Amazon, 1996-2010)Amazon has been in logical argument for so many years to where they provide not be undersold to any other company that are trying to compete with them. The proceedss are displayed with great ad publish with using the press release, competent customers who will invest their products to be displayed through amazon to make money, and great policies that show setoffer come ins, When the customer is needing for their product to shipped to them (amazon, 1996-2010).Amazon has always kept their prices to a minimum, to where most customers will use Them around the holidays, to stomach the products sent to their families that live in further Countries. There have been customers that apply for a career at amazon, making money Just sitting at national, waiting for potential buyers to show interest in lacking(p) a great Quality product that they would not find cheaper at any other retail store, such as tar last, Sears, and toys R us (amazon, 1996-2010).Amazon has a type of behavior that it shows customer satisfaction as being no.1, that if a product is defected, it would not apostrophize anything to have it sent back to them. The product will be returned with one that is new and will have warranty.SWOT ANALYSIS,Amazon.com has become the king of its own private little fabrication. The only chore with being the king is that everyone wants your throne. While Amazon.com has many strengths and opportunities it has threats and weaknesses, too.STRENGTHSWell established tissue dirtLoyal customers base of over 12million shoppersDistribution facilities to h andle growth and fulfilmentLeader in use of applied science to livery targeted contentExcellent offline customer serveAmazon has moved away from being a low price supplier of books toward a focus on delivering smashing service at a price,WEAKNESSESToo much diversity in their product line and Amazon.com could risk damaging its brand name. There is the potential for confusing their clientsShipping appeals could be a deciding factor on whether a customer buys from Amazon.com or goes to a traditional store. More online retailers are sallying free or discounted shipping and some, such as Wal-Mart, passport site-to-store free shipping.Need to restructure business to drive toward profit mogul has meant upward pressure on pricesNo offline brand presenceInsufficient community added valueNo telephone checkOPPORTUNITIES,Opportunity to establish itself as a global mass merchant leader in the online shop arenaBuilding community events around the brand would uphold create brand affinity as forecastably as loyaltyEstablish 247 hour telephone support for customers and order processing general shopper discounts will increase retention and repeat purchasesFurther offline partnerships can potentially help Amazon by allowing customers to return products offline stores.Amazon has an opportunity to Create a higher international commercialise segment.Also can make Strategic alliances with companies.THREATS,Competitors such as Barnes and Noble, eBay.com, and half.com.Book publishing companies could start up own website and get rid of the middleman companiesThe continuous changing of trends in the market keister.Amazons lack in-depth community leaves it exposed to customer being attracted to competitors with more in-depth content.AMAZON.COM KEY SUCCESS STRATEGIES,CONTINOUS INNOVATIONThe areas of origin shown by amazon was the use of collaborative filter technologies which allows customers to evaluate books on a one to five star rating brass and browsers can rate which r e dupes are helpful and which are not. The site offers peep into books contents index and beginning pages with a search inside the book feature that allows customers search the immaculate text of 120 000 books- about as many times as are in Barnes Nobles bookstore.Amazons .com one click shopping lets buyers make purchase with one click. Another innovation is the syndicated selling networks. Through this network or association, amazon.com has a cross product programme that enables those who visit those associate sites to purchase several titles crossways multiples product lines, from single source. In addition, almost all web search engines are members of the associate programme with hotlinks on the entry of every research page, its corresponding amazom.com has a store on every major mall around the wall, i.e. clever advertisingAmazon .com has to a fault established itself as an electronic market place enabling merchants of all kinds to sell items on amazon.com. It powers and o perates retail websites for Target, the NBA, Timex, Marks and Spencer.Amazon.com cards offers every visitor the superpower to send free cards to friends from its web site, these creates an opportunity to set new customers as well as keep flowing customer happy, because the recipients of the those cards mustiness visit Amazons website to view the personalized messages. rank ADDED SERVICE TO CUSTOMERSIn a agonistic environment, amazon.com has scaled through as a firm with the offer of value added service as its competitive wages which includes courteous, personalised customer services.Amazon.com personalised the storefronts for each customer by providing more useful in scoreation and more choices that could not be found in neighborhood bookstore. This Allows customers communication flows, information site on products, quality, praise, complaints, rating, featuring, description, reviews, comparison, discussion, problem report, information statistics, ranking prices, discount, e.t .c thitherby building its customer relationship management (CRM). Through this (CRM) Amazon were able to record customers reading habits, buying habits and buying trend, which allows Amzon.com to offer polar promotion and selling strategies tailored to meet customers demand and needs.Amazons diversification into other types of services (music, video, home improvement and auction) likewise enhances their competitive advantage because all other services links back to them faster than their competitors can duplicate.Amazon.com offers services beyond discount, for example the ability of the site to allow students search book of related topics for their projects, search for books in foreign languages or out-of-print, translates information about its products editorial contents in the form of reviews, interviews, excerpts, purchases, circles and related recommendation made for deeper exploration of the site, provide information for those who cant remember a book or video or are spirit for a sound bit , but dont remember exactly what they want.UNBEATBLE LOGISTICSAmazon.com offering for fast, inexpensive shipping has helped the firm to overcome the lag between purchase and delivery of a product. For a $79 annual fee, Amazon.com prime offers unlimited free express shipping for most items.At amzon.com customers orders are handled in-house and to achieve this they established scattering centres and each distribution centre is equipped with the latest material-handling equipment technology. For instance, each distribution centre has a pick-to-light system which uses a terminal display mechanism to level a worker through the picking and packing process frequency technology is used to direct workers to warehouse locations with a radio signal, and voice technologies which allows computers to say instructions to workers.2. Current Strategic SituationAmazons principal(prenominal)s resources and capabilities ,The presence of strong as well as hard-hitting leadership in todays organization imposes a great responsibility to the organizations team and management networks as leadership implies the overall capacity of the organizations performance like for instance, in terms of operations and research development. It can be said that Amazons resources and capabilities can be divided in the management of the company specifically their leader which is Bezos, the ability of the management to effectively use strategical lend chain management and aligning it with their business process and information technology, their competitive advantage in the online market, and the financial resources that it gains through its successful approaches.There are non-homogeneous resources in the enterprises such as human resources and customer resources. First of all, concerning human resources,AMAZON COMPETITORS ,Amazon.com has major competition including such well known business as belowEbay.comEBay is Amazon.coms prime competition for its online auction services .Eba y.com is overly on the Internet and it is much larger than Amazon.com and offers live auctions and bidding for customers. Amazon and eBay all provide generally similar information, but additional information is provided based on the companys primary of sales method. Customer product reviews are one piece of highly valuable data for making purchases that is provided by all three companies. One difference is that since Best Buy is a retailer that primarily focuses on unprompted sales through physical stores and they have a place where customers can go to physically touch and feel their products, they have the ability to provide information that is less extensive on their websiteBarnes Noble.comIs an internet commerce branch of Barnes Noble Inc. which includes physical bookstores that have been designed with comfort and convenience. It receives more than six million laughable visitors per month to its Web site, www.bn.com. It is perhaps their largest competitor. Barnes and Nobles and Amazon.com are competing, but both stores and other online stores recognize what works and are studying one another often duplicating one anothers business strategies. This has resulted in them having more similarities than differences and it helps the consumers find similarities across the Web such asWhen a description of an item is given, Amazon and Barnes and Nobles both place the shopping cart option prominently displayed to the upper, right portion of the screen. This makes it very efficient and useable for the viewer and they do not have to search around the page for this button. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001)In pricing, both Amazon.com and Barnesandnobles.com display the average price for their items above their own discounted rates so that the users feel as though they are prudence money. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001)Both sites are Flexible, there is an option of buying things at a later date and placing them in the shopping cart temporarily. This option is called the give care list and it is displayed just beneath the Add to Cart button. Users can access this saved information and access it on their next visit. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001)Both sites offer Security that provides safe shopping, privacy and efficiency by requiring customers to join as members at a certain point during a transaction. Membership is free and requires an netmail address, full name, home address and phone number. It allowing customers to maintain an order status and helps provide a history of what they bought. (Clementina Imobhio May 5, 2001)C) Wal-Mart.comWal-Mart has experienced success internationally because of its ability to transport the companys unique culture and effective retailing concepts to each new country. They respond to customer needs, merchandise preferences and local suppliers.Business strategies that have helped Amazon.com to enhance its competitive advantage are The first dodge, cost-leadership is pursued by Amazon.com by differentiating i tself primarily on the basis of price. Due to this strategy, Amazon.com always makes sure that it offers the same quality products as other companies for a considerably less price.Its third strategy is long-tail, Amazon only started the online retail business with books, but now it sells everything from toys to books and is aspect in future to sell more and more products.Unlike its competitor Amazon.com didnt maintain huge inventories of books it relied on wholesalers to supply books on time. The most obvious benefit of this just-in-time procurement system was that it multiplied gunstock turns and reduced working capital requirements. Amazon saved money on everything except people and computers. Amazons investment in computer technology was focused on software rather than hardware. In that sense Amazon.coms business strategy involved maintaining Unique resources, its people.Amazon did more than just sell books It also provided a range of services including information about books interviews with authors, book reviews and recommendations from other customers and media, links to other sites, new release information and more.Stakeholder Analysis .A) . Government Agencies The federal official Communications Commission, is a commission that defines the broadband to meet customer broad communication needs and desires.B. Labor Unions Since Amazon is an online buying center, there are no labor unions. These unions exist when there are enough in center employees to need protection as an employee.C. Completing Organizations In the technical products and systems market, competitors are smellinging towards opportunities to get ahead of others. The best thing for Amazon is to push forward ahead of the competition because of their diverse background and continue their surge for new customers.D. Employees hardship to remain competitive will affect the employees. The president is about making cost cuts to improve profits which in turn will cut the honorarium of afo ot(predicate) employees. Layoffs are the first method most often in making cost cuts.E. Suppliers The suppliers for this company include the sellers that offer their personal products for sale, as well as the partnerships Amazon formed.F. Customers Amazon.com caters to people of all ages and discretions. These customers include seniors, baby boomers, generation X, and generation Y. Each group have a percentage in the cosmos of customers with tastes for different products3. Strategic Direction for the futureStrategic ManagementThe main area we will look at is Amazons strategic management capabilities, we will look at the External factors that have influenced Amazons stratgey and the Opportunities and Threats this industru poses. We will also look at the strengths and weakenesses that Amazon have to address these threats and take advantage of the opportunites presented to themFirstly it is necessary to give an external analysis of the environmnet that may have influenced amazons s trategic management decision. We will look at the PEST analysis model that may have influenced Amazons strategic planning. The main two external factors that influenced amazons strategies werePolitical These factors address legal issues such as trading laws etc. The low sales tax in seattle was one of the factors that encouraged Amazon to set up their first distribution centerTechnological Factors Introduction of new technology can create new markets. The main reason for Amazon setting up an online store was the growth in the use of the world wide web technologies and their ability to offer a supple service online.Ansoff matrixAmazon seem to have chosen two of the four growth strategies1. Market Development - through the opening of distribution centers and the presentation of websites in the UK and Germany Amazon offered their existing goods and sevices for sale in new markets.2. Product Development - through the acquisition of several online companies such as pets.com and drug store.com Amazon could offer new products for sale in their existing marketBased on these strategies the following mission statement has been formulatedOur vision remians being the Earths most customer centric company, the best place for customers to find and discover anything they want to buy onlineIn addition Amazon wish to achineve the objective to become the best place to buy, find and discover anut product of service available online. In line with this and the growth strategies adopted to do this Amazon will continue to enhance and extend its brand, customer base and eCommerce expertiseRecommended Solution ImplementationTechnology Integration and RDAmazon.com should increase expenditure in the research and development arena. We believe that Amazon should condition itself for additional telecommunications implementations such as high speed internet and network security. These types of implementation, though representative of considerable RD costs, are probably most significan t factors that etailers must prepare for near future. As users, connections increase in speed, any delays on the part of the etailer they are connecting to will become obvious and less tolerable. Amazon can stay ahead of the pack by preparing a unique and comfortable interface for the users.Strategic Cost AnalysisAmazon.com should also use Strategic cost analysis process where identify the firms value chain, diagnose the key elements that drive the costs of each value activity, identify competitors value chains, develop a strategy to lower relative costs by controlling cost drivers, ensure that any cost reduction does not erode differentiation in service and test the cost reductions if its sustainable in the end of the analysis.DifferentiationThey should also consider by costs by determining Differentiation where the process goes as determine who the real buyer is, identify buyers value chain and put in rank order the buyers reason to purchase, asses the current potential sources of diffentiation, identify the cost of these resources, design a value chain to maximize value relative costs, test for sustainiablity and reduce costs in activities that do not affect the chosen forms of differentiation.InventoryThere are programs built to be extremely user-friendly, and most offer great support along the way of usage for online businesses to maintain the book database. Amazon should invest in software to best highlight and maintain the data on the site and importantly back up systems. Keep inventory accurate and up to date This is also an important aspect that Amazon can out beat its competitors with as this is first step towards building a long-term relationship with that customer. Inventory of the books stock-out and sold out will be kept up to date on the site.Visionary InformativeA run into is worth a thousand words Uploading pictures by decreasing explanations or descriptions could attract customers attraction and curiosity in exploring the book. Somehow it b oosts up sales compared to other online booksellers who give attention in words. Product Review Information In elusion of books, editorial reviews are provided by the company and it applies for all books. Customers can also rate each others review. A rating is placed against each review so that customers can decide whether to read or not based on that. Most online booksellers do not include this but they display the customers satisfaction on the delivery service provided by them which is less important to boost up sales. People out there want to pay you for your books Amazon should use own merchant service account or a service offered by a listing site, make sure that customers can buy books quickly and painlessly with a credit card while you have them on the wand of finalizing said purchase. Dont judge a book by its cover First impressions are lasting impressions. When a customer receives the book theyve ordered, make sure the first thing they see is a product and package that yo u are proud to have supplied by using use clean, new boxes without writing (or envelopes for low-cost paperbacks) for shipments. Customers will be expecting an excellent service but if its vice versa then they are chances for them to switch to other online retailers.Keep customers in the loop on everythingAmazon should modify the status of order to customers on the order made and also keep them in loop by email the listing service directly with questions about their orders and keep updating the latest events and new stocks of books through emails.Shipping DeliveryFollow-up After shipping out an item to the customer, Amazon should send them an e-mail a day or two after expecting that theyll receive their package, asking them if theyve received it and are satisfied, and reminding them that there customer rep are there to help should they have any questions about their order. This is also a great time to remind them that you have similar items in stock or to offer them a coupon towa rds future purchases.Expansion to Asia RegionAmazon should strive to expand its expertise to Asia region as well as high potentials are there which huge population. Education is becoming one important aspect in Asia and lack of important reference books are always a problem in many parts of Asia. It should diversify its marketing capability in Asia too to capture the market. Amazon is very less popular in Asia regions. Amazon.com should take Asia to consider for its business expansion. Amazon could also diversify its marketing and research ability to expand mostly to the developed countries of other territory. In order to grow plumping and always sustain in the market and competition, Amazon should takes this sort of steps to expand.International Sites Amazon.com has got an added advantage of international sites on Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, France and China. All about what the customers have to do to browse the site with their language is by clicking to their national site. For example, if you clink Japan, immediately the whole website will change its descriptions and instructions into Japanese language. This is not at all applicable for a customer in Malaysia or any other regions of Asia. It should expand and add more languages options in its site to accumulate its customers. heavy(a) customers what they want is also one strategy not all online business can do but if this can be proven in Amazons case then it have all the potential to be the one.Word-of mouth advertisingAmazon also should increase its word-of mouth advertisement. This might seem odd for an industry leader to rely upon such a quaint tactics as this, but we truly believe that in the world of Internet this is a sizeable tool. We are quick to visit sites that our friends identify as being fabulous, and Amazon might capitalize on this by rewarding its customers who can reel in a new prospects.Expand the product linesAmazon should expand its product lines. Givens Amazons vision an d its unique position in the etailer industry, the cost associated with entering new markets is significantly lower than that of its competitors. There is no reasons to let this advantage slip away unused.ConclusionIn order to stay focus on business Amazon.com has conglomerate ways and strategies that can be implemented with proper organizations communication networks. Financial reports should be reviewed annually and quarterly if necessary to come up with decisions whether to boost up sales or to maintain on a certain criteria for the wellness of business.Amazon.com also should have a frequent customer feedback program where they could exchange view on the services and products most desired to be acquired online by customers. Top level management meetings should be initiated to assure goals are achieved. A proper corrective action should be determined after the first year if annual objectives werent accomplished.3) Recommendations1. Develop and implement a B2B exchange for suppl iers manufacturers, distributors, and retailers to use. Because the largest percentage of e-commerce sales resulted from transactions conducted on B2B exchanges, this opened up a large potential market for Amazon.com to expand into. The benefit of this alternative was that Amazon.com could easily market this service to its large number of affiliates and partners that it conducted business with.2. Amazon should expand its online auctions. Amazon has a need for an intermediary in transactions and would be able to market this additional service to both current customer base and use of personalized emails to new customers through advertising campaign. The benefit of this alternative is that Amazon.com would be expanding on an existing service offering and would not incur any developmental or startup expenses. This would work because of the prior experience of Amazon in expanding and marketing other product lines and services.3. Develop an effective differentiating enterprise wide strate gy to survive and prosper over the competition for the long-term future.4. Amazon should use a web-based model to personalize service. Amazon should take on to use personalization to build the right store for every customer. Each customer has a web page personalized based on his or her new purchases. This is the equivalent of having a unique storefront for each customer in hopes of drawing in as many return customers as possible.5. Increase advertisement to increase brand awareness. Through a general advertising campaign, like television and print ads, Amazon would be able to market their service to current customers and new customers.6. Create a location where people have access to the internet to do online shopping. This could be in an Amazon location in different cities. The cities could consist of major populated areas to start. If this idea is a success, then they could venture out to under populated areas.ConclusionAmazon.com is a public owned company, which focuses on emplo yees and excellent services. It is team oriented organized by product. Amazons web site offers the ability to present a broad range of merchandise. Well organized and roaring to navigate help and FAQ pages make the difference in smooth shopping experience. Building a customer community helps to keep customers coming back to the site. It also helps shoppers identify with the brand. Amazon has built a loyal customer base of millions, thanks to a highly efficient web buying experience and outstanding customer service. With some controlling interest in popular Web sites, word-of-mouth from users, the ease of communication using e-mail and options such as break certificates, Amazon.com has created one of the most popular home-shopping sites today.

An Assessment Of The Political Violence In Nigeria Politics Essay

An Assessment Of The Political Violence In Nigeria Politics EssayThough man is by nature, gregarious, conversion of goals and interest among individuals and sorts has made scrap leading to crises a recurrent phenomenon in human communities. To discuss ab verboten ferocity whether governmental, phantasmal or ethnic is to withal to talk about scrap which serves as the study platform for such furiousness. Conflict of interests creates the ground for all forms of crises and force out witnessed in Nigeria. thither is convey accordingly to set the ball rolling by explaining the cin one casept of broil.According to Mkpandiok (2006, p.116), conflict occurs when cardinal parties (individuals or groups) possess opposing goals and interests in a manner that the doings of one or both parties threatens the differents goal attainment.Corroborating the above opinion, Bagaji (2006, p.181) defined conflict as a situation in which one identifiable group of human beings (which could b e tribal, ethnic, linguistic, cultural, religious, socio-economic, indemnity-making or otherwise is in a state of conscious opposition to one or more other identifiable human group(s) in pursuance of what appear to be incompatible goals.Milton in Olagunju (2007, p.87) specifically maintained that real liberty is barely expressed where and when complaints atomic minute 18 freely heard, deeply considered and quickly reformed. In other words, since no society is absolutely homogenous, absolute absence of conflict is rather a demonstration of conniving oppression and suppression. This is contingent on the competitions that characterize struggle for the acquisition of the social status, power and resources which ar by nature limited in supply.Wright in Ologitere (2008, p.14) contends that conflict can be between individuals in a group, groups within state, factions and the state or between states. According to him conflict may refer to a finicky relationship between states or riv al faction within a state with implications of subjective economic or military hostilities.According to Imobighe (2008, p.20), conflict represents a condition of disharmony within an interaction edge which usually occurs as a result of a clash of interest between parties involved in some forms of relationship, with the parties pursuing incompatible goals or using incompatible means to pursue their chosen goals. Okibe (2002) and Osagie (2008) in Ologitere (2008 pp.16-17) seek to throw more light on the nature of incompatibilities that breed conflict in group interactions.To Bagaji (2006, p.154) , individuals regular compliance to line ups, regulations, plans and procedures is determined by their degree of emotional attachment to the surrounding determine which take on their expectations from others from within or between the groups. According to him, clash of ideas, opinions, or beliefs can produce emotional antagonism and struggle between individuals and groups in any environm ent. He therefore defined conflict as a social interaction between individuals or groups with incompatible goals.Aduiba (2009, p.88) on the other hand contends that conflicts are propelled essentially by the same factors which he identified as struggle for scarce resources, social injustice, class antagonism, unequal power relation, differences in values and interests and states and governments partisanship.Conflicts in any(prenominal) situation whether governmental, religious, cultural and otherwise have good results in the long exam if it is violence free. Burton (1987, pp.137-138) contends that without conflicts, a society would remain static. As a fictive element in human relation, he therefore, sees conflict as the means by which societal values, welfare, security, justice and opportunities for personal development can be achieved. On this note, Weeks in Ologitere (2008, p.14) thus, submitted that given our highly complex competitive and litigious society, conflict is both inevitable and inescapable.The consensus opinion of most scholars whose contributions have been discussed above is that conflict as a product of interaction, is an expression of dissatisfaction with the existing social order. It may therefore be referred to as a discord that occurs when the goals, interests or values (real or imagined) of two parties intersect at the point where the available resources or opportunities for simultaneous realization or maximization are limited.NATURE OF CONFLICTConflict as depict above, may not be necessarily avoidable but it can be prevented from assuming destructive dimension. This is facilitated by brain the conflict proneness of a given society.The most common symptoms of conflict proneness Stewart (1998, p.35) identified include the following(i) A serious past conflict at some condemnation over the previous twenty grades.(ii) Evidence of a considerable degree of horizontal inequality(iii) Low income and(iv) Economic stagnation.Ogban-Iyam (200 5, p.2) observed that conflict could be non crimson or violent but further submitted that violent conflict is more often an extreme form of conflict that emanates from a poorly managed non violent form. He however submitted that most conflicts that have challenged the integrity of most states across Africa are both organized and violent with attendant large scale humanitarian emergencies. change to the analysis of these conflicts, Gberie (2007, pp.26-35) has identified horizontal or congener inequalities as the major example. For instance, in as much as e really inequality (vertical or horizontal) is undesirable, relative (rather than absolute) is more often the underlying determinant of conflict be fountain, group mobilization which is essential to effectiveness of conflicts is easier when there are sharp semipolitical, social and economic differences among the great deal. He added too that even if these indicators of relative inequalities are available, conflict may be latent until it is effectively triggered by the factors such as information, ready leadership, resources and the possibility of changing the contradiction by means of the force of arms.Corroborating this position, Nzongola-Natalaja (2008, p.4), slice reacting to the orthodox idiolects of the underdevelopment scholars which had often blamed all African woes on what they called the imported or imperative states of the colonial systems, contended that African leaders had ample opportunities to nurture the nationalistic sentiments they had generated in the cause of their independence struggles, if they had focused on comprehensive state-building projects finished leadership integrity. According to him, the emergent reigning class rather compromised their emancipation promises shortly subsequently they inherited the privileges of their masts. Accordingly, their idea of power soon became how to plunder the state resources solely for the benefits of themselves, their immediate families an d their collectivities to the detriment of the consummate pack.Given the enormous powers of the state in this region, not only are the advantages and opportunities of the collectivities of these leaders outrageously visible but the competition for powers became too multiple for the delimitate political spaces in most African states. Thus, instead of inter-class conflicts, most conflicts in Africa are inter-ethnic, secondary to the manipulation of groups (ethnic) symbols by the elites of each group either to change or to maintain these existing contradictions. From this perspective, conflict does not just happen but a reaction to series of negligence of the need to address the principal causes of conflict.POLITICALLY MOTIVATED VIOLENCE IN NIGERIAViolence or the threat of violence as a phenomenon is human activity which has been recognize in African countries as a dimension of local, national and international politics. Individuals and groups doneout history in one form or the ot her resorted to violence or its potential use as a tactics of political action. Direct violence refers to acts of mensurable violence resulting in a direct sharpshoot on a persons physical or psychological integrity. This category includes all forms of homicide (genocide, war crime, atomic reactoracres, murders (terrorism) as well as all types of coercive or brutal actions involving physical or psychological suffering (kidnapping, torture, rape, maltreatment) such behavior corresponds in all instances to illegal acts running counter to the most staple fibre of all human rights, the right to life.Salami (2006, p.99) opined that indirect violence on the other hand is intended to cover harmful, sometimes even deadly situations or actions which, receivable to human intervention, do not necessarily involve a direct relationship between the victims and the institution.Olagunju (2007, p.57) defined political violence as the use or threat of physical force or group of individuals withi n a political system once morest another individual or individuals, and/or property, with the intent to cause injury or death to persons and/or damage or destruction to property.Political violence is endemic in most of the worlds political system today. This is particularly true of the developing countries including societies where political violence has become a prominent feature of the political process, especially after independence.After political independence of Nigeria in 1960, it was hoped that the unsophisticated will embrace and consolidate democracy devoid of political violence because of the nonaggressive, free and fair nature of the 1959 election, even through the results were disputed by some political parties. However, it is rather unfortunate that after independence, Nigeria has gone through a series of political violence and assassinations as the country witnessed a marked increase in the bitterness of party politics.After a long period of military rule, the ban of political activities was once again lifted and democratic rule was received in the country in 1999 with a lot of hope and expectations for a better state because the people were once again given the opportunity to participate in the ruling of their own fatherland through representation. The April, 1999 general elections were conducted in an atmosphere of relative peace and perceptual constancy as much as political violence and assassinations were not witnessed. This was perhaps because the people were tired of military rule and decided to remain calm to hear the enthronement of democracy.However, when the 2003 general election drew near, there were a lot of pointers that the countrys nascent democracy was under threat because of the spate of political violence and assassination that were witnessed in the country. During the elections, there were numerous reports of assassinations of political candidates, clashes between supporters of different politicians both within political pa rties and between rival parties, and intimidation and molestation of political candidates and supporters. Often ethnic and local conflicts led to political violence, supported by politicians both candidates and those holding political office and traditional rulers. The large number of firearms available in Nigeria and the creation of armed gangs enabled politicians to instigate political violence at local and state levels. Government officials and legislators were reportedly harassed and intimidated by rival candidates and their followers. More than a hundred people were killed and numerous more injured.The Pre-election period of the 2007 election was marked by intimidation and harassment of party candidates, violence against supporters, and several political candidates were assassinated, reportedly by political opponents. There were allegations that individual political candidates as well as some local and state political parties hired armed gangs to instigate political violence . In many cases law enforcement authorities failed to take adequate steps to protect human rights and perpetrators were not brought to justice.several(prenominal) candidates running for political office in the April 2007 elections were killed, including two candidates who were standing for the state governorship in the primary elections in Lagos and Ekiti States. Many other politicians and political candidates were subjected to violent attacks and attempted killings, but managed to escape.On 3 February 2007, the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) conducted a by-election in Iree, Osun State, for the National Assembly member for the Ifelodun/Pdo-Otin/Boripe federal constituency. Men intemperately armed, and allegedly paid by politicians, invaded the polling booth in Iree, smashed the ballot boxes and destroyed the INEC registers used for the election. The officer who registered the voters, reported that an ANPP member, was turnen to death. Many other people were wounded .Violence erupted in Aliade, Benue State, on the weekend of 9th and 10th December 2006 after a PDP appeal panels nomination of a candidate for the House of Assembly. Rampaging youths protested against this nomination, blocked the road, attacked his supporters and torched houses.A woman prospective PDP candidate for the Senate received several threatening phone calls in October 2006 warning her that she should withdraw from politics. Several of those standing against her reportedly told her to stay out of the contest and stressed that if she continued to contest the nomination, the consequences would be more than she could handle. After two weeks, the natural law reportedly arrested someone who confessed that he had been hired to kill her.In November 2006, another woman prospective candidate for the Federal House of Representatives received several threats, allegedly from opponents within her own party, the PDP. She lodged a complaint with the State police force Commissioner and wa s put under police protection. On 18 November 2006, when she attended a political meeting in her constituency, she was again threatened by her opponent and his supporters beat her and dragged her out of the venue.Sometime this year (2010), the former Ogun State Action Congress (AC) gubernatorial candidate in the 2007 election was assassinated in the state capital. non a few pointed accusing finger on the ruling Peoples Democratic Party in the state as having hand in the assassination. AC is the major opposition party in the state. The cases mentioned above are just but a few out of many.THE NATURE OF THE STATE AND ETHNIC VIOLENCEThere are over (250) distinct ethnic groups in the country. Post colonial politics has been dominated by the three major ethnic groups- the Hausa/ Fulani, Yoruba and Ibo. However, the minorities became restive, particularly those in the anele producing region of Nigeria. Their restiveness arises from the feeling that while the petroleum on which the countr y is also dependent on is found in their territories, they got little of the benefits accruing from oil revenues. Instead, they suffered environmental degradation, loss of livelihood, punitive state action that was mobilized against them by a combination of security forces and oil producing companies. For many of these ethnic groups, petroleum is a desolate rather than a blessing. This necessitated the emergence of dare devil militant youths who have taken up sophisticated arms and retorted to kidnapping and pipeline vandalism. The amnesty class me instituted by late President Yar Adua is intended to curb militancy in the Niger Delta area. The effectiveness of this program leaves more questions than answers as militancy activities are still very much on ground. A new dimension has even been introduced- Bombings. When stakeholders of the Niger Delta amnesty program gathered in Edo state in March 2010 to deliberate on the way forward, the meeting was cut short when there was a bomb blast which was planted in a car nearby. The Movement for the independence of Niger Delta (MEND) claimed responsibility for the blast threatening to heighten their violence if they were not included in the amnesty program. Another bombing took place in May 2010 in a hotel owned by the Deputy Governor of Bayelsa State which is also in the Niger Delta. He cried foul and insinuated that the Governor who had been in a feud with him was after his life.The minorities of the Niger Delta have been engaged in many instances of ethnic conflict- the Ijaws Vs Urhobos and Itsekiri and each of them Vs Chevron, the Ogori Vs Shell and the state government, these groups call for a change in the revenue allocation jurisprudence in a way that acknowledges their contribution to the state well being by rewarding them handsomely.In the middle belt, the latest Jos inter-ethnic clashes between indigenes and settlers were traumatic. The once peaceful and serene city of Jos, capital of Plateau state leaves one with much worry. Hundreds of lives were lost, properties were destroyed, and many saw Jos that used to be a tourist attraction as death zone. In Lagos and Ibadan, there were prolong clashes between a faction of the Odua peoples congress and the Hausa/Fulani Youth. Thirty years after the civil war, there is still a silent feeling by the indigbos (Elders forum of the Ibos) that the Ibo people are being marginalized and excluded from political power especially the presidency.RELIGIOUS VIOLENCE IN NIGERIAReligious violence has had its own prolonged effect on Nigeria. The menace caused by various religious violence have become a very big doubt to Nigeria and her citizens. In November 2002, riots and protest from some Moslem youths that were opposed to Miss World contest in Abuja led the organizers to cancel it and subsequently relocated the place to London. About 100 people lost their lives in that incident. Ironically, a lady from Turkey (a Moslem country) won the contest in Lond on. All these religious disturbances run contrary to all efforts of the federal government to boost tourism. The talk of attracting foreign investors in the face of regular religious mayhem might be a total waste of energy and resources.Local investors are even tired of the instabilities in Northern Nigeria. A number of Ibo line people had to relocate wholly to Owerri, Onitsha, Aba, Lagos etc due to these riots. Many have completely lost their means of livelihood. The truth is that a single religious crisis will have a negative multiplier factor effects on other sectors of the economy. Some people became armed robbers when their means of livelihoods were destroyed. Many innocent non-Moslems paid costly prices for these religious crises.The Muslim dominated Federal part of Nigeria hardly has a year passed without witnessing crises between the islam faithfuls and Christians. Such crises always lead to mass killings, burning of churches and mosques as well as property. Last year a group known as Boko haram that is opposed to western education unleashed so much terror on people in trying to press out their ideals that only Arab and Islamic religion is worth learning.Victor A. ( http//countedforchrist.blogspot.com/2009/07/causes-of-religious-violence-in-nigeria.html) gives the following reasons the frequent religious crises witnessed in Nigeria Colonial Rule SystemThe British Colonial rule and the administrative policy of Sir Frederick Lugard and his successors created a bedrock for muslims-christians hostility. After the conquest of northern Nigeria and the imposition of indirect rule system, Christianity was restricted. This is to ensure the continuous use of their emirate system for a good tax collection system. Later attempts therefore to extend the influence of Christianity and western education in the areas that were predominantly Muslims, gave rise to inter-religious riots in some split of northern Nigeria. This has continued up till today.Increasing A cts of Religious intoleranceReligious intolerance means the inability of some people, be they individuals or groups to leap out the weak or deviant behaviour of other members. In Nigerian context however, religious intolerance is vividly manifested as the inability of members of one religious group to tolerate the other, such intolerance often leads to tension, discord, hostility, and possibly violent confrontation.The Upsurge of Religious FanaticismThe increasing incidence of violent and religious conflicts in Nigeria can be linked to the growing number of both fanatical Islamic and Christian groups in some parts of the country. These religious fanatics carry their dogma, beliefs and sectarist religious views to the extreme. They are often prepared to wage war against those who have contrary beliefs, and who maintain different mode of worship or religious principles and practise that are not acceptable to them. The fanatics have no regard for the fundamental human rights, which guarantee freedom of worship for the citizens. The United States Government agrees with this when it stated through its Secretary of state, Mrs Hillary Clinton on Monday 10th May, 2010 that religious crises in Nigeria were being fuelled by violent extremism. It said this development was one of the greatest worries of the President Barrack Obama-administration in trying to build a new relationship with the Islamic world, a US-based Nigerian news agency, Empowered Newswire, has reported.Politics of ReligionThe use of religion as a tool for achieving political ends has contributed immensely to the problem of religious conflicts in Nigeria. Some politicians in Nigeria are known to engage in reactionary hangout to religious fervour as a means of either holding on the power, or as an instrument for political ascendancy. In such circumstance, their young buck religious adherent are often manifested, mobilized and utilized to achieve selfish political goals.POLITICAL VIOLENCE IN KOGI STAT EViolence, under whatever guise, has a very negative impact on the life of people and has suddenly become a nightmare in political coat tormenting citizens of Kogi state. Indisputably, the political scenario in Kogi state is in consonance with Karl Maxs political philosophy resulting from political violence like killing, thuggery, blackmail destruction of lives and property as individuals struggle for selfish interest. This philosophical diction has become a landmark in Kogi state which is a macrocosm of what obtains in the country as a whole.More so, this political crises or clashes have thrivingly enabled other forms of violence under the umbrella of religion and ethnic crises. The Igbiras of Okene in Kogi state are known nationally for their notoriety. Their incessant broad violence with utmost brutality characterised by merciless killings has become a nightmare in Kogi state. Several lives have been lost in the past houses, business ventures, markets, offices, cars, police sta tions etc were set ablaze at instances of violence. Many people over time have been rendered homeless and jobless. In Okene, anything can just cause a fight. Misunderstanding between two people resulting in a fight can graduate into inter communal clash if both parties are from different communities. Defection of a prominent person from one party to another can stem up crises among the youths. This unfortunate situation has led to mass exodus from Okene to other parts of the state.In addition to the violence in Okene and Ogaminana are the frequent crises in Ejule, Ofu Local Government rural area. At every political transition period, the town becomes dreaded. The activities of thugs are at its peak there. So much that when at a time, armed policemen were deployed to the town to curb the mayhem thugs afflict on political opponents and people, the thugs overpowered the policemen who eventually gave up and ran for their lives. It is said that the thugs equip themselves with charms tha t make their skin bullet proof. With that, they are fearless and take laws into their hands.Anyigba in Dekina Local Government Area is not left out of the thuggery saga. The killing of innocent citizens, forcing people out of their houses, and committing all forms of crime in the name of politics, causing civil disturbances, making people run away from their farm works and businesses have become associated with their operation. Across the other Local Government Areas, you hear of thuggery operations. The use of thugs by self seek politicians to intimidate and victimise political opponents is a regular phenomenon in Kogi State.Well one question that might agitate the mind of any right intellection individual is why are they not being arrested even when you know who they are? One manifestation of the inadequacies of the Nigerian criminal justice system is the mishap to carry out inquiries in cases of politically motivated killings, Most politically motivated violence and killings c ommitted in the 1999 and 2003 elections were not investigated or punished, the scenario has immensely contributed to the gardening of impunity that characterizes the political climate in the country today. The last eight years has witnessed much political killings in Nigeria, such as the murders of Bola Ige, Marshall Harry, Aminasaori Dikibo, Barnabas Igwe and Dele Arojo among others. In the months before federal and state elections in April and May 2003 political killings were reported throughout the country, with allegations of the involvement of individual members of state and local governments officials and political parties.The failure of the police to investigate political killings effectively and to bring to justice the perpetrators is a concern for current cases of political killings. The UN Special Reporter on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions statedIn recent years many leading political figures have been assassinated. Prosecutions have been rare and convictio ns almost non-existent The de facto impunity enjoyed for these crimes risks undermining Nigerian democracy, and the 2007 election year threatens many more killings unless impunity is ended.There are so many social factors that influence peoples decision to indulge in violence or crisis as their way of closure political issues and sure way to survival such as PovertyUnemploymentEthnic differencesInsincerity on the part of the government policyGovernment policyLack of effective communicationSelfish interestRESOLVING CONFLICTSince the issue of violence cannot be discussed without bringing in conflict, so violence cannot be tackled without talking about conflict resolution.The contention of Burton (1982, pp.137-138) that conflict is desirable does not contradict the position of Bagaji (2006, p5) which held that unresolved conflict drains the society of its capacity to maximize its variation to satisfy its needs and that contending parties might even retort to the use of violence to ac hieve their purpose. Rather, it emphasizes that every conflict provides an opportunity to renegotiate desirable social changes among the disputants through the process of resolution.According to Meyer in Akowe (2007, p.117) conflict resolution refers to the entire process of settling disputes, disagreements or doubts by listening to and providing opportunities to meet each sides needs and adequately address their interests so that each party is satisfied with the outcome. Here, identifying the needs of the parties in conflict is very crucial to the realization of resolution objectives.Aduiba (2009, p.23) refers to conflict resolution as a shift in the mode of interaction between contending parties. At the point of resolution, according to him conflict is terminated and legitimacy is restored while crude forces previously used for attack or defences of values are substituted for enlightened bargains. By implication, conflict resolution is an analytical process of dispute colony whic h can only be achieved in a free and stable environment.Burton (1987, p.13) distinguished conflict resolution from allied terms such as conflict management and conflict settlement by the durability of the solutions each offers. According to him, conflict management simply employs skills that confine or limit or dribble conflict while conflict settlement connotes legal/authoritative procedures and may be imposed by the elites. These two, according to him, are characteristically temporary in nature. Conflict resolution to him refers to terminating conflicts by methods that are analytical and get to the root of the problem. To him, it focuses on an outcome that in the views of the parties involved, is a permanent solution to the problem as it initiates the process of changes in the political, social and economic system that address both the individual and collective needs of the disputants.Obasanjo (2005) described conflict resolution as including peace-making, peacekeeping operation and peace-building, which according to him requires clear identification of the core issues underpinning the conflict and development of strategies aimed at the balancing of power, matching of power with responsibility and reduction of the possibility of a successful violence.From the foregoing, conflict resolution covers the entire process of reconciling the disputants in a manner that addresses the causes of the dispute, heal the consequences of the dispute and reduce the possibility of its re-occurrence. This often connotes an adjustment in social relations through effective redistribution of the societal values to address the needs that underpinned the conflict. This depends on the willingness of the disputants, the capacity and integrity of the third party and the stability of the environment of the conflict. To achieve these, Mkpandiok (2006, p.128), contends that the knowledge of the following facts about conflict is imperativeThat conflict is typical of human interactions a nd should thus be anticipated.That people are drawn into conflicts where and when their interest, values and needs are threatened.That it is difficult for parties in conflict, even with outside dishance, to satisfy all their needs at the same time.That third parties or intermediaries can only facilitate the resolution process while the real resolution lies within the proper sphere of the conflicting parties.That the role of the third party is mainly to assist with their knowledge, experience, perspectives and power to make previously unconsidered option visible and feasible.That elites in conflicts who double as the principal beneficiaries, tend to be hawkish, fanatical and more yucky to resolution than the average victims.STRATEGIES FOR CONFLICT RESOLUTIONImobighe (2008, p.77) identified three strategies for conflict resolution. These are conciliation, mediation and arbitration. According to him, conciliation is a process whereby the parties to a dispute agree to the services of a conciliator who meets them separately in an effort to resolve their differences. A conciliator, according to him has no legal standing or position to seek evidence or call witnesses. He therefore usually writes no decision or make awards but merely seeks concession among the disputants. When that understanding is secured, it is committed into writing and signed by the parties in dispute. At this stage, the understanding becomes binding on the parties.Mediation according to Miller in Ologitere (2008, p.26) refers to voluntary, informal non-binding process undertaken by an external party that fosters the settlement of differences or demands between directly invested parties. According to this thesis, mediators generally have a vested interest in the resolution of a given conflict or dispute but are required to operate neutrally and objectively.

Judge Declares Microsoft A Monopoly :: essays research papers

On November 5, 1999, District Judge Thomas Penfield Jackson declargond one of the leading software companies in the world, a monopoly. The United States government has what are called, antitrust laws, which prevent a company from having a monopoly on a market. The US charged Microsoft with violations of these laws, stating that they were thwarting such competitors as, Netscape Navigator, and other web browsers. The US justice department has accused Microsoft of being "engaged in massive anticompetitive practices." Bill Gates, owner of Microsoft, believes that the practices of Microsoft are in no way that of a monopoly, and are just forms of very aggressive competition. It is estimated that any sanctions that Microsoft faces will be appealed for years to come, prolonging this case. Judge Penfield has not ruled on whether Microsoft has broken the antitrust laws set frontwards by the government and it will be years before the judge sets the penalties for these infractions. Th e decision of Jackson was announced after the closing of the stock market, and the market is close for a week after this decision. This is good news, because many economists feared a large dive due to this recent decision. The court evaluated thousands of pages of electronic mail, and 76 days of testimony, and came to the inference that Microsoft was partaking in anticompetitive practices. Jackson stated that "Microsoft has demonstrated that it will use its prodigious market power and immense profits to harm any firm that insists on pursuing initiatives that could intensify competition." The government will continue this case against Microsoft and continue to push for the penalties to be presented to the corporate giant.

Athiesms Problem :: essays research papers

To any of you who doubt the presence and magnificence of our captain, Jesus Christ first, I must say that I understand exactly where you are access from. I, too, at one point was a non-believer. Moreover, I was violently anti-Christian to the point of persecuting these children of God. The following is a letter of my changeover to Christianity. It reads through from my early years and the person that I was at that time through to my troubled childhood and teen years all the way to where I am right now. I will focus on and demonstrate the many ways in which I know that Jesus Christ is Lord and God. Hopefully, you will listen with an open heart and realize the wonderful truth that took me so long to see. At the end are a few low-cal Bible verses to read for further study.My childhood was much like any other. I was born on January 13, 1980 to loving parents and a solid home. Everything was as wide-cut as things could be. I very vibrantly remember when I was two years old writing m y name on a piece of paper and campaign around to show my mother what I had done. It was very important to me even at that young ago to feel respected and loved. I remember contend with my sister and chasing her around the house. We loved each other and our situation. When I was very young, my mother and father divorced and my father left us completely. That was the deal if he left, it was going to be a clean break. I still remember seeing him for the last time when I was four years old. In the coming years, I would end up seeing him again, but not before much damage had been inflicted in our home. My mother remarried a friend of my fathers and things again went kind of smoothly indeed. I had a fairly strong bond with my stepfather. We did many exciting and interesting things to returnher. I very much enjoyed our time and could not get enough of it. When I was seven, I gave the word that I desired to quit Cub Scouts. This was one of the stronger bonding opportunities between the two of us. I did mention that I had good reasons for my request, but I knew at that very moment that things would never be the same.

Implications of Information and Communication Technology for Business E

Implications of tuition and Communication Technology for Business Time and geographical factors deal a huge affect on the communication methods we intention. In the business world time is money, and no matter how far u need to state to, it normally has to be done quickly and efficiently. This is where Information Systems (IS) and Information Communication Technology (ICT) pick up a huge impact on businesses nowadays, especially bombastic scale organisations. Currently, Local sphere Networks (LANs) are becoming more common in normal size businesses, and large-scale organisations tend to use Wide Area Networks ( macabres), intranets and extranets. A LAN is a computer network that spans a relatively small area. Most LANs are confined to a single building or group of buildings. However, one LAN stinkpot be connected to other LANs over any distance via telephone lines and radio waves this is what we call a WAN (a system of LANs connected together). E ach node (individual computer) in a LAN is able to access data and devices anywhere on the LAN. This means that many users can share expensive devices, such as laser printers, as well as data. Users can also use the LAN to communicate with each other, by sending e-mail or engaging in chat sessions. Hence LANs can be very useful for a small to medium size businesses. For big businesses/organisations, WANs are more useful, as it means the business is not limited to where it can be based. For example a company may have its head quarters in London, that have an office in Cambridge. With the use of a WAN the same benefits as the LAN can be achieved, but in a greater geographical situation. Anot... ...et facilities means the same thing, employees can browse the net rather than doing their work. There are measures to fight against this, but they are not very efficient. As you can see, technology in the past few years has rocketed, and now ICT and IS are ex tremely fundamental to businesses and organisations, without the use of them everything even down to the simplest of things such as communication will be affected. Bibliography Rowe, Christopher and Thompson, Jane, People and Chips, The Human Implications of Information Technology. McGraw Hill, 3rd Edition 1996 Bocij Paul, Chaffey Dave, Greasley Andres and Hickie Simon, Business Information Systems Technology Development and Management for E-Business. FT Prentice Hall 2002. Langford, Duncan, Practical Computer Ethics. McGraw Hill 1995