Advise for MacTools Ltd-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Advise MacTools Ltd as to its legal Position, citing relevant legal authority. Answer: Issue The issue in this case is that weather MacTools Limited have breached the provisions of civil liability acts and common law principles of negligence. Rules Every state in Australia has its own civil liability act which deal with the tort of negligence. According to the legislation duty of care is imposed on any person whose activities can possibly cause injury to another person. The injury must have been caused because of the failure of such person to act as a reasonable person would have under similar circumstances. Common law principles of negligence and when find up by the case of Donoghue vs Stevenson 1932 AC 522. The manufacturer making beverage was declared to be liable for the harm caused to a person who consume the beverage buying it from a cafe. The case established that the manufacture is liable to any harm or injury cost to the users of the goods manufactured by him or her through the use of such goods. Through this Landmark case one of the most significant concept which has been established was known as the neighbour principle. According to the rules of this principle and duty is imposed on a person to observe due care in relation to any person who can be injured possibly by their actions. The principal came to be known as duty of care. In the case of Arcy v Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane[2017] QSC 103 it has been stated by the court that lack of proper framework within workplace for the protection of employees would ensure that the employer is liable for negligence if any harm is caused to the Employees. As per the case of Australian Knitting Mills, Ld. v.Grant50 C. L. R. 387 (1935) negligence can only be established if the plaintiff beyond reasonable doubt can establish that the defendant had a duty of care towards them. In addition the defendant was not reasonable towards the precautions taken by him to prevent the harm caused the plaintiff. And lastly the plaintiff has to show that if the defendant would have been reasonable towards his or her functions the plaintiff would not have suffered any kind of harm which he did. In most cases of negligence whether a person is liable to cause harm to another is determined by the court by applying the but for test which was provided by another Landmark case of Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital[1969] 1 QB 428. A claim of negligence can however be defeated completely or partially so the application of the defence of contributory negligence. Contributory negligence has been defined by Liverpool Catholic Club Ltd v Moor[2014] NSWCA 394 as the contribution which is made by the plaintiff himself towards the cause of harm. Therefore if a plaintiff even after reading that there is danger beyond the lines, does not take reasonable care and proceed beyond and suffer a injury because of some negligence on the part of the owner he would be liable for whole or partial contributory negligence depending upon the situation. In Australia the concept had recently been used in the case of Jackson vs McDonalds Australia Limited 2014 NSWCA 62. In this case only 30% compensation has been provided to the plaintiff and the other 70% was adjusted by the court for the purpose of contributory negligence. Application The section would analyse the above discussed laws and apply them to the present facts of the case so that an appropriate conclusion can be derived. MacTools Limited sold a drill to Mulan. The drill had been further provided by Mulan to Arora for use. As discussed above in the landmark case of Donoghue vs Stevenson, manufacture has a duty of care towards anyone who uses its products. Therefore similar to the principles of that case MacTools Limited would also have a duty of care to Aurora even if they did not sell the drill directly to her. Further it has been provided that Arora was injured significantly and lost her eyes as she used the drill for 10 minutes. When the drill was sold the by the manufacturer it contained instructions that while operating the drill the operator must use a set of goggles. However such instructions where not read by Mulan and further not provided by him to Arora. It has to be noted in this case that MaTools Limited well aware of the fact that if the drill is used for more than 5 minutes there is a very little chance that it makes explode and for the fear of suffering financial losses the company did not disclose such facts to the consumers and subjected them to the risk of being injured. Thus as they were the manufacturers and had a duty of care and were not reasonable while disposing their functions. In addition if such instructions had been provided before the drill would not have been used for more than 5 minutes by Arora and the accident could have been avoided. Thus MacTools Limited ar e liable for the tort of negligence. In addition as there was a failure on the part of Mulan to read the instructions provided by the company of using a set of goggles while operating the machine which was provided to Aurora for use it can be done that there was contributory negligence on the part of Arora even if she did not knew about the instructions a reasonable man while operating a drill would have always used to Goggles for safety measures. Thus in this case the claim of negligence which would be made by Arora against Mac tools Limited would be decided by the court in accordance to the principles of contributory negligence so that a just and fair judgement can be delivered by the Court Coming to the financial injury which was caused by Jessie as glass showpiece got damaged it can be a certain that duty of care only exists when a person can reasonably foresee a harm caused to another person. However in the circumstances it was impossible for any reasonable person to assume that if the drill malfunctioned it would hamper the electric line, which would cause the breaking of the glass resulting into losses. Thus, as there is no duty of care no claim for negligence can be made. Conclusion There is a liability on Metals Limited with respect to negligence however the case would be decided taking into consideration the provisions of contributory negligence to decide the damages. References Arcy v Corporation of the Synod of the Diocese of Brisbane[2017] QSC 103 Australian Knitting Mills, Ld. v.Grant50 C. L. R. 387 (1935). Barnett v Chelsea Kensington Hospital[1969] 1 QB 428. Caparo Industriesplcv Dickman[1990]UKHL 2. Chaina v Presbyterian Church (NSW) Property Trust (No. 25) Donoghue v Stevenson (1932) AC 522 Jackson v McDonald'sAustraliaLtd [2014] NSWCA 162 Liverpool Catholic Club Ltd v Moor[2014] NSWCA 39

The Top Ten Supply Chain Mistakes free essay sample

It begins and ends with the wants and needs of consumers and customers. This article gives some guidelines expressed as the mistakes that managers often make when attempting system-wide change in their supply chain and the author has focused on ten most common mistakes. Mistake 1: Always viewing the supply chain as a â€Å"chain† In addition to the traditional internal activities and relationships, supply chain practitioners now need to focus externally on business-to-business and even business-to-consumer processes and interactions.Mistake 2: Continuing to do business as usual Companies that did not substantially shift their go-to-market strategies or channel strategies achieved only small incremental benefits. Mistake 3: Having the wrong idea about â€Å"control† Not every company will be able to become  virtual  in all aspects, nor should they. Even a company like Cisco Systems- a wonderful example of extended supply chain leader- still retains strategic control and planning of its overall supply chain and firm tactical control of key elements. We will write a custom essay sample on The Top Ten Supply Chain Mistakes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the future, supply chain success will be determined largely by the degree of partnership between the businesses that make up the extended value chain. Mistake 4: Failing to synchronize demand and supply signals Leading-edge companies track point-of-consumption data as well as inventory at the last point of consumption, and they use sophisticated tracking technology to transmit the data effectively. Mistake 5: Believing that technology is the real enabler Six times out of ten, a complex supply chain project will involve an IT implementation.The importance of the fundamental business processes and the strategy surrounding the use of the technology, however, continues to be underestimated. Mistake 6: Failing to gain real visibility Rich quantities of real-time data arent universally beneficial. It is important for companies to identify where in their extended supply chains such data can be of business value. Mistake 7: Adopting a â€Å"one-channel-fits-all† approach In practice, there are multiple supply chain designs to suit the characteristics of the products and the channels they are sold through.Mistake 8: Misreading the people factor The  biggest challenges for employees center around rigorous analytical thinking and technology understanding. Mistake 9: Not leveraging global elements of supply chain operation Globalization of supply chain functions and processes and shared leverage with partners appear to deliver productivity benefits of between 8 and 10 percent. Mistake 10: Underestimating the size of the transformation task A  long-term success horizon (three to five years) and dedicated project teams are vital for projects of such complexity.This article tries to explain some of the main problems that companies face when trying to enact meaningful change s in their supply chains. The economic impact of supply chain management is enormous but most of the companies fail to extract full value out of their supply chain transformation effort. This is mainly because most of the companies consider supply chain transformation as cost containment or technology implementation exercise and not as an integral part of the business process.Although several obstacles pointed in this article have also been addressed elsewhere but this article restates them collectively so that together they can become a catalyst for more forceful remedies. The author has vividly explained the major obstacles and how to deal with them through examples of his own company. It is quite clear from the article that author’s primary goal is to help companies in identifying the mistakes they might commit while implementing supply chain initiatives because the stakes of not doing so are very high.

Sacrifice Symbol Transformation in Various Traditions

Sacrifice Symbol Transformation in Various Traditions Traditionally, religion sacrifices referred to an act of offering food, animals, burning of alter and priest dismemberment (Rothgeb 72). Priests did this in honor of a deity, and as an act of cleansing of the community. However, some sacrificial rites transformations were further exercised through custom head shaving in contemporary and ancient religion’s sects (Rothgeb 72).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sacrifice: Symbol Transformation in Various Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The shaving of a head in the ancient religion was associated with rebirth of purity or rebirth of a state where the differences in the association depended on the beliefs of the religion. In addition, different religions had different sacrificial rites that they performed in different occasions, times and seasons. However, sacrifice may be referred to as a response to various problems as the Leviticus prescribed (Bergen 67). This gives a different meaning to the word sacrifice as a devotion or determination given towards solving certain problems without minding the outcomes. In this paper, the word sacrifice is used as a response to solve various traditions as a means to bring transformation. The perception of the traditions in different cultural set ups brought about the sacrifice of some people to bridge the gap between these disparities. These sacrifices had consequences but they strived towards accomplishment of their missions. Transformation of the traditions was first realized through transformation of oral traditional materials to written materials (Bergen 67). Different cultures had different perceptions on the written materials. â€Å"In the western world we have a different attitude towards texts than other cultures† (Bergen 67). The start of this transformation was tough but eventually the target was achieved. â€Å"It may have been part of a larger collection of scrolls, but was certainly not part of an easily accessible lending library, even if most people had been able to read† (Bergen 67). This indicates that sacrifice was offered to ensure that people were able to read. The first book to be transformed from oral traditions was the book of Leviticus that was in form of a scroll. The access to this book created possibilities of new structures, new relation between the worshipers and priests and new hierarchies of power (Bergen 67). People started viewing differences between text and access to oral tradition, reading and storytelling and written tradition and oral tradition (Bergen 67). This transformation of oral traditions to written traditions was a sacrifice done by people who despite the challenges and views of different cultures on the written records succeeded and consequently, their sacrifice gave rise to the written materials in all fields.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help y ou! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, the transformation of the traditional blood offerings to the current offerings that do not involve blood shedding was a sacrifice (Bergen 72). Western people did not believe that live sacrifices championed the transformation but they sacrificed their time, resources and energy to ensure that there were transformations in the mode and types of sacrifices offered to the deities. There was devotion to ensure this kind of transformation was due to the change of the old means of worship as seen in the Old Testament to the new means of worship as in the New Testaments (Rothgeb 74). In the Old Testament, religions and societies used to offer blood sacrifices in worshiping God, and cleaning of sins (Rothgeb 74). Contrary, the New Testament gave a new form of sacrifices that came through the sacrifices that God gave to the world through the death of His son on the cross for the sins of the world while the son sacrifi ced His life to save the world. The sacrifice of the missionaries who through their tireless work penetrated different corners of the world brought about transformations from the Old Testament’s way of offering sacrifices to the New Testament’s way. There people only believed in the Son of God and other forms of offerings such as gifts and tithes. This transformation together with the introduction of the Bible brought about changes in the traditions especially in the African culture. In addition, the death of Christ as a sacrifice to save was a form of transformation of the body. It transforms man from the sinful nature of the body to a holy nature. Similarly, in Buddhist and Juan, they sacrificed their traditions to oppose the habit of live offerings that they supplemented with domestic rituals that transformed the impure to pure, and mundane to spiritual. As Christian, so the Buddhist started offering gifts, gestures and sacred fires rather than offering live sacrifi ces (Ara 26). Another transformation due to the sacrifice is the change in custom beliefs. Traditionally, people, societies and religions had different beliefs that governed them such as taboos, traditional medicines and other penalties that were to be penalized to people who committed different kinds of sins. Every society and religion had its own beliefs, though some religion borrowed some taboos from others (Mitra 28).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Sacrifice: Symbol Transformation in Various Traditions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Most of these beliefs had effects associated with the community. For instance, there were communities that believed that their God heals and to them, going to hospitals or even take their children to the hospitals was a sin. This caused several people to suffer while others died of diseases that were curable. However, through the sacrifices of the missioners during their work, they brought about changes to some of these beliefs (Rothgeb 75). During that time, they faced several objections from different religions but through persistence due to the sacrifices, they had offered to solve the problems of beliefs, and they managed to transform a large number of people from these beliefs (Rothgeb 76). Another aspect of sacrifice as a symbol of transformation is on freedom. The United States former president George Bush repeatedly talked of sacrifice as a necessity in ensuring freedom is maintained (Rothgeb 72). Traditionally, many people were slaves of several rites, customs and beliefs. To ensure that this people were set at liberty, several people had to offer themselves as sacrifices in different ways. They enlightened the traditional societies as well as convincing them of the drawbacks of their religions. Their sacrifices had also to go hand in hand with the sacrifices of the people who were slaves. They had to sacrifice their traditions for them to have their liberty. In the United States, they believed that when the army went to the battlefield, they ought to sacrifice themselves as they use their resources while at the same time risking their lives (Rothgeb 76). A sacrifice, in the case of these soldiers, usually calls for risks that may rise from the efforts to bring transformation. For the traditional people to have their freedom, they sacrificed their beliefs which finally brought about transformation. Conclusion Sacrifice, as illustrated in the paper, is a response to solve a certain problem that calls for devotion and determination. As the soldiers in the battlefield, those who offer their sacrifices must be ready for counter attacks that sometimes are challenging as they may cost even their lives.Advertising Looking for research paper on cultural studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the missionary work, the missioners who had sacrificed themselves to bring transformation from the traditional religion and beliefs encountered opposition. However, finally, they managed to bring several transformations and from these missioners, it is evident that sacrifice calls for persistence. Ara, Mitra. Eschatology in the Indo-Iranian Traditions: The Genesis and Transformations of a Doctrine. New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 2008, 26-28. Bergen, Wesley. Reading ritual: Leviticus in postmodern culture. New York: Clark International, 2005, 67. Rothgeb, Carrie. Abstracts of the Collected Works of C.G. Jung. London: BPCC Wheaton, 1992, 72-76.

Free Essays on Visitor From Down Under

A VISITOR FROM DOWN UNDER de L.P. Hartley O texto A Visitor From Down Under, da autoria de L.P. Hartley, insere-se no gà ©nero do Fantstico. No gà ©nero Fantstico acontecem fenà ³menos que no compreendemos mas que aceitamos sem colocar a questo da verosà ­mil. Neste gà ©nero temos um mundo fantstico que conhecemos como nosso em surgem acontecimentos que no so explicveis pela cià ªncia e/ou leia da razo. No Fantstico h uma interrogaà §o e hesitaà §o entre a explicaà §o racional/ cientà ­fica e a explicaà §o natural para os fenà ³menos. Todorov afirma que o texto fantstico tem que obrigar o leitor a considerar o mundo fantstico como representaà §o do mundo real. Ao longo da histà ³ria surgem vrias caracterà ­sticas pertencentes a este gà ©nero, as quais irei referir ao longo desta anlise. O tà ­tulo remete para a ideia de regresso de alguà ©m, j morto vindo, do â€Å"Down Under† que possivelmente à © o mundo do alà ©m, um mundo apà ³s a morte. Logo de inà ­cio, a caracterizaà §o do tempo meteorolà ³gico â€Å"A foggy evening†; â€Å"a wet evening...† à © tà ­pica de um espaà §o misterioso ou atà © de um filme de terror. Esta caracterizaà §o remete tambà ©m para a zona em que se desenrola a acà §o: Londres. O condutor, surge-nos como uma personagem comum. Todavia, h uma referà ªncia um pouco estranha a qual leva existà ªncia de algo fora do habitual, algo de misterioso. Refere-se a possibilidade de existà ªncia do seu sexto sentido: â€Å"...by virtue of his sixth sense.† (p.171) O sujeito que se encontra no topo do autocarro, o à ºltimo passageiro, à © apresentado como um ser estanho: â€Å"...the footsteps of this person could be heard shuffling and creeking upon the metal shod steps† (p.171), esta caracterizaà §o poder proporcionar a concepà §o da existà ªncia de um fantasma. Na altura em que o condutor pergunta a um outro passageiro se estava mais alguà ©m no topo do autoc arro, ele obtà ©m uma resposta negativa. C... Free Essays on Visitor From Down Under Free Essays on Visitor From Down Under A VISITOR FROM DOWN UNDER de L.P. Hartley O texto A Visitor From Down Under, da autoria de L.P. Hartley, insere-se no gà ©nero do Fantstico. No gà ©nero Fantstico acontecem fenà ³menos que no compreendemos mas que aceitamos sem colocar a questo da verosà ­mil. Neste gà ©nero temos um mundo fantstico que conhecemos como nosso em surgem acontecimentos que no so explicveis pela cià ªncia e/ou leia da razo. No Fantstico h uma interrogaà §o e hesitaà §o entre a explicaà §o racional/ cientà ­fica e a explicaà §o natural para os fenà ³menos. Todorov afirma que o texto fantstico tem que obrigar o leitor a considerar o mundo fantstico como representaà §o do mundo real. Ao longo da histà ³ria surgem vrias caracterà ­sticas pertencentes a este gà ©nero, as quais irei referir ao longo desta anlise. O tà ­tulo remete para a ideia de regresso de alguà ©m, j morto vindo, do â€Å"Down Under† que possivelmente à © o mundo do alà ©m, um mundo apà ³s a morte. Logo de inà ­cio, a caracterizaà §o do tempo meteorolà ³gico â€Å"A foggy evening†; â€Å"a wet evening...† à © tà ­pica de um espaà §o misterioso ou atà © de um filme de terror. Esta caracterizaà §o remete tambà ©m para a zona em que se desenrola a acà §o: Londres. O condutor, surge-nos como uma personagem comum. Todavia, h uma referà ªncia um pouco estranha a qual leva existà ªncia de algo fora do habitual, algo de misterioso. Refere-se a possibilidade de existà ªncia do seu sexto sentido: â€Å"...by virtue of his sixth sense.† (p.171) O sujeito que se encontra no topo do autocarro, o à ºltimo passageiro, à © apresentado como um ser estanho: â€Å"...the footsteps of this person could be heard shuffling and creeking upon the metal shod steps† (p.171), esta caracterizaà §o poder proporcionar a concepà §o da existà ªncia de um fantasma. Na altura em que o condutor pergunta a um outro passageiro se estava mais alguà ©m no topo do autoc arro, ele obtà ©m uma resposta negativa. C...

Strategic Management of Intel Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management of Intel - Case Study Example Dr. Nicely concluded, after eliminating other potential sources of the irregularity, that the Pentium chip itself must be flawed. After contacting Intel's technical support service to no avail, he posted an electronic message to a Compuserve bulletin board to ask other Pentium owners if they were experiencing similar problems. The message set off a flood of Internet bulletin board postings that confirmed the irregularity. The news media (print and television) soon released the story to the rest of the public and the concern over the flawed chip escalated. In November, Andrew Grove, CEO of Intel, posted a message of his own. He acknowledged the problem, emphasized its minimal significance and made an offer to replace the Pentium chip for users of the Pentium processor who are engaged in work involving heavy duty, concentrated floating point calculations. Meanwhile, Intel worked with Dr. Nicely and other scientists to develop a 'workaround' that it could build into its programs to avoid the flawed calculations. Intel's offer and workaround only accelerated the concern and reaction by the Pentium public. In the face of its self-inflicted PR nightmare and increasingly critical media coverage, Intel decided in December to offer "no questions asked" chip replacement program to all of its Pentium customers. The company would take a one time charge of $475 million against its earnings for the fourth quarter of 1994 to pay for this program. Perceived Product Risk Intel's initial decision to tolerate the flaw was based on a quantitative analysis of its customers' risks. After Intel concluded that these risks were extremely low, it decided that nothing needed to be done. A few months later when its customers were made aware of the flaw, many of them felt they had been intentionally deceived and that they had paid a premium price for a damaged product. Intel's customers ultimately concluded that something had to be done. With all the debate exchanged over the months following the public exposure of the Pentium flaw, the involved parties did manage to agree on one thing. The heart of the issue concerned risk. The issue in this debate can be broken down into two questions: did the Pentium flaw expose Intel's customers and Pentium owners (end-users) to undue risks and were those risks significant enough that Intel should replace all flawed chips Intel's "at-risk" customers, specifically IBM, were concerned that the flaw might diminish its reputation as a best product provider and, consequently, its sales would suffer. There was concern the public might view IBM as the source of the problem rather than Intel, to which the problem rightly belonged. The "at-risk" Pentium owners had already bought their computers. They were confronted with an involuntary risk. It was clear that the customers' and the Pentium owners' motivations to react were based on their assessments of risk. Intel's approach to resolving product defects reflected an implied assumption that the assembler would be responsible for dealing with the end-users (Pentium owners). Intel also assumed that information about the flaw did not need to be passed along to its customers due to the insignificance of the flaw. When millions of computers with flawed Pentium chips passed into the hands of end-users, both assumptions would prove to be poor. Microprocessor defects

12 Angry men Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

12 Angry men - Essay Example The courthouse of which the movie was filmed was filled with 12 men all who seem to be of the same race and of the same general age. It seems that the only difference between the jurors are their social and economic backgrounds which the movie had illustrated on it could influence a person’s mindset and judgment. For example, Juror 5 shared the â€Å"slum upbringing â€Å" as the young boy being charged, that allowed him to relate to his living conditions but other juror like Juror 4 seemed to judge the boy harshly based on where he was raised. Juror 4 even as far to say†¦ â€Å" If you live in slum you become slum†. These statements indicates the biases of the jurors due to their backgrounds that reflect in their faulty reasoning as well as their erroneous judgment. When these prior biases and prejudices were overcome however, the jury begins to realize the error in their reasoning that finally led them to vote for non-conviction of the boy. They are many reasoning and thinking errors in film. Some of the thinking errors identified in the movie, â€Å"12 angry men† was being closed-minded, being prejudice and being impatient. We identify these as thinking errors because it demonstrates how our faulty judgment just like the case of the jurors are influenced by their background to erroneously judge the case of the boy. As an example of the thinking error of being impatient was when one of the jurors does not want to engage in a lengthy discussion about the case for fear of running late for the baseball game. Another thinking error in the film was being closed-minded and prejudice. This was shown in the case of Juror 3 whose estranged relationship with his son affected his judgment in the case of wanting to convict the suspect just because of his strained relationship with his son. Another is juror 10 who is prejudiced against the slums dwellers as killers and people

PostQuick Computing project Essay Example for Free

PostQuick Computing project Essay I designed my project on visual basics 6. 0, and the benefit I found in Visual Basics as compared to other software was that Visual Basics is user friendly. Anyone can use it by clicking certain buttons, and on the other hand other software packages such as Microsoft Access and Microsoft Excel require a bit of knowledge before using them. To make my own project using visual basics, I first designed my form on the paper, which gave me a rough idea about how my project form would look like. This is also attached with my documentation. I designed my project by prototyping, and made my form using these things   A set of screen that shows the user what might be possible   A system with limited functionality An existing system that might be modified For my human-computer interface (HCI), I used graphical user Interface (GUI) which is used in Microsoft windows . My form had certain buttons which could be used by clicking the mouse and some text boxes in which data was entered using keyboard. I think that the advantage of this type of interface is this that It is easy to use   In my form no one needs special instruction The disadvantage of GUI is   It uses a lot of processing power   It requires good graphical display   It uses a lot of processing power   It uses a lot of memory and disk space 3. Method of Data Entry, including Validation As said before that my form had certain buttons and these buttons could be used by clicking the mouse and some text boxes in which data was entered using keyboard. I declared each data type with certain specific data type, and checked that if I entered wrong data type then it would not work. The method of data entry is also shown in implementation. The program contains three forms. The main form, which is named input form, is the start-up form. This is the data entry form for all the data, which is entered for a particular assignment. The method of entering data is as follows. Consignment No: These are self-generated. Numbers, its enabled property is false. User has no control on entering its data. Customer Name destination and client address will be entered in respective columns. Afterwards the information of the first parcel of the consignment will be filled (i. e. the whole form will be filled). If there are more then one parcel required to be entered for the same consignment then add new parcel button is pressed for the parcel, and after each parcel entry of the consignment data entry complete button will be pressed For a separate consignmentnew consignment button is required to be pressed. It was part of validation of the project that, the minimum weight of the parcel should not be less then 1 kg. If it does then the message box would appear saying that too less weight in the parcel. Second validation was that the weight of the parcels should not exceed 30 kg, if it does then the message box would appear saying, too much weight of the parcel The third Validation was that the maximum dimension of the parcel i. e. (length + breadth + height) must not exceed 3 m, if it does then the message box would appear saying too big Parcel to send. The fourth validation was that the maximum weight of consignment must not exceed 200 kg, if it does then the message box would appear saying too much weight of the consignment 4. Record structure, file organisation and processing:- The file for the database of the consignments for the Parcel Company is saved as a record structure and saved only for the consignments for one day. It includes the data and information required for the parcels in consignments. It is a record file so it cannot be changed, but the database is changed everyday because each day different consignments are sent to the Parcel Company. The database is linked with Visual basics form, and the file of database is stored as a Microsoft access file. For the backup the file is saved in the floppy so if the actual program in the processor is altered, we can bring back the old one. There are four files that I used for my project one was the form file, named as input parcel, and two forms were for the price list, the Access file linked to database, named as, payslip database which has two databases linked to each other. The actual processing carried out by the program is arithmetic operation, in other words calculation is being carried out, but the bigger companies can use CLOCK SYSTEM, which would be more economical for them. 5. Security and integration of Data Security is the most important thing, because if your data is not secured properly from unauthorised hands then anyone could change your data and could change your project; I therefore kept the project under a password So no one could change or alter my project. If someone did change my database then I could use my backup to restore it from the floppy in which Ive kept the backup file so if the actual program in the processor is altered, we can bring back the old one. I also protected my data, by using the menu button in the visual basics. If you go to the text box, u click on it and then click text box protect enable force and in this way I can protect my text. I also made sure that when data is entered it is entered accurately and I checked that when I was entering data, no one enters anything. 6. System design:- For documenting my project I used System flow charts-It describes the flow of data around the system. This method uses rectangle to denote some process that takes place, as descriptive symbols to describe the storage or input/output of data. An arrow describes the direction of flow of the data.   Structure diagrams-These are a mean of showing the design of a program or a systemic consists of charts showing the system or programs broken down into number of levels. * Hierarchy charts-these can be used to show menu hierarchy or a directory hierarchy Data model:- A data model represents the relationship between different parts of a database. It consists of entities (data items) and relationship. The entities are shown as rectangles and the relationship are drawn as lines that connect entities. System Flow Chart (describing the flow of data around the system) Parcelquick Company Aqsa Bano Raja 12 s Postquick Structure Diagram The hierarchy Hierarchy diagram 7. Implementation The project that I have made for PostQuick Company can be implemented either as a whole or in parts. The problem maybe that an organisation cannot change instantly to a new method of working as existing records will have to be entered into computer and this may take some time. There are two main approaches to this   Implement the system department by department   Dual run the new system alongside the old system The two databases below are linked to Visual basics6. 0 forms 8. Testing Length,width,height,weight Test Results Right/wrong.